History of FootBall - Football history is the history of a game that eventually developed into a sporting phenomenon that is amazing.The history of football as a sport started the 2nd century and the 3rd BC in China. During the Han dynasty, people dribble skin with a small net and kicked it into the so-called Tsu Chu. The game is competed for physical training the army and the Emperor's birthday. A similar game was played in Japan as Kemari. In Italy, the game kicking and carrying the ball are also popular, especially start of the 16th century.
Modern football began to develop in England and became very popular. In some competitions, the game generated a lot of violence during the game and eventually King Edward III banned the sport was played in 1365. King James I of Scotland also supported a ban to play football.
In the Year 1815, a major cause of football development into famous universities and school environment. The birth of modern football occurred in the Freemasons Tavern in 1863 when 11 schools and clubs gathered to formulate standard rules for the game of football. At the same happened a clear separation between the rugby football. In 1869 took the ball with his hands started banned in football. During the 1800s, the sport was brought by sailors, merchants, and British soldiers to different parts of the World.
Federation Internationale de Football Asosiation (FIFA)
In 1904, the highest association football world began to be formed under the name of FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Asosiation). FIFA was formed on May 21, 1904, and has the slogan For The Game. For The World. FIFA is based in Zurich, Switzerland. FIFA is the international football governing baddan Boal, FIFA also promotes football, regulate the transfer of players between teams, to give the title of FIFA World Player and FIFA world rankings published every month.
There is one of the most important competitions organized by FIFA in the world of international football that is the World Cup Football is often called the World Cup alone (formerly Indonesia had joined the know). World Cup finals tournament is a showcase of the most watched sport in the world even more than the Olympics.
Definitions in Football
Football is a ball game played by two teams, each consisting of 11 people.
A. Rules football
Football is a game official regulations :
Rule 1: Field football
Rule 2: Ball
Rule 3: Number of Players
Rule 4: Equipment Players
Rule 5: The referee who manage the game
Rule 6: Assistant referee
Rule 7: Old Game
Rule 8: Ball Out and In the Field
Rule 9: How to Get Numbers
Rule 10: Offside
Rule 11: Breach
Rule 12: Free kick
Rule 13: Kick
Rule 14: Shot in
Rule 15: Goal kick
Rule 2: Ball
Rule 3: Number of Players
Rule 4: Equipment Players
Rule 5: The referee who manage the game
Rule 6: Assistant referee
Rule 7: Old Game
Rule 8: Ball Out and In the Field
Rule 9: How to Get Numbers
Rule 10: Offside
Rule 11: Breach
Rule 12: Free kick
Rule 13: Kick
Rule 14: Shot in
Rule 15: Goal kick
In addition to international rules above, the decisions of the Regional Football Association Board (IFAB) helped add more rules in football.
B. Purpose of the game Football
Two teams, each consisting of 11 people fought to enter a round ball into the opposing goal ("scoring"). The team that scored more goals is the winner (usually within 90 minutes, but there are other ways to determine a winner if a tie). will be held 2x 15 minutes extra time and extra time if the result is still the series will be held on penalties which each team will be given five times the chance to kick the ball into the net from the penalty spot inside the goalkeeper area until the results can be determined. The most important regulations in achieving this goal is the players (except the goalkeeper) can not touch the ball with their hands while it is in the game.
C. Football Games
- 4-4-2 (classic: the four fullbacks / skipper)
- 4-4-2 (with two wing midfielders)
- 4-4-1-1 (2 pairs winger, an attacking midfielder and a lone striker)
- 4-2-4 (2 wings)
- 4-3-2-1 (3 central midfielders, two attacking midfielders and a lone striker)
- 4-3-1-2 (four defenders, three defensive midfielders, 1 attacker hole, two strikers)
- 4-5-1 (4 defenders, 2 wings, 3 midfielders, one striker)
- 4-3-3 (4 defenders, 3 defensive midfielders, two strikers wings, one central striker)
- 4-2-3-1 (two center-backs, two fullbacks, two winger, one attacker holes, 1 striker)
- 4-3-3 (2 fullbacks, two central defenders, two wings, one defensive midfielder, three central striker)
- 4-1-4-1 (four defenders, one defensive midfielder, four midfielders, one striker)
- 3-4-3 (with winger)
- 3-5-2 (with libero / sweeper)
- 3-5-2 (without libero / sweeper)
- 3-6-1
- 5-4-1
Tactics used by a team always change depending on the conditions that occurred during the game progresses. In essence there are three tactics used, namely; Defense, Attack, and Normal.
D. Official Football
A match was ruled by a referee who has "full authority to run the game as Game Rules in a match that had diutuskan him" (Rule 5), and the decisions that the issuance of the game is final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly called the judge / linesman). In much of the match referee was also helped by a fourth official to replace an official of another if it required.In addition they also need tools to help the game such as:
- board replacement players
- tables and chairs
- Field Football game
- Field size standard
- Size: length of 100-110 m wide x 64-75 m
- The boundary line: a line width ... cm, ie on the side touch line, the goal line at the ends, and a line across the infield; ... M of the center circle; there is no barrier or board
- Penalty area: an arc measuring 18 m from each post
- Line penalty: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
- The second penalty line: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line
- Zona turn: the area ... m (... m on each side of the center line of the field) on the grandstand side of pitching
- Hurdles: 7 m wide x 2.5 m high
- Surface area pitching: smooth, flat, and not abrasive
- Size: 68-70 cm
- Circumference: 10 cm
- Weight: 410-450 grams
- Bounce: 1000 cm on the first reflection
- Material: rubber or synthetic rubber (artificial)
- Maximum number of players to start a game: 11, one goalkeeper
- Maximum number of players out of the field (excluding injuries): 4
- Maximum number of reserve players: 12
- Number of referees: 1
- Number of linesman: 2-4
- Limit the number of substitutions: 3 except for the test match
- shirt numbered (since 1954)
- Shorts
- Socks
- Shin guards
- Footwear rubber bersolkan
- normal time: 2 × 45 minutes
- break time: 15 minutes
- The length of the extension of time: 2 × 15 minutes (if the result is still a draw after 2 x 45 minutes of normal time)
- There is a penalty shootout if the number of goals both teams finished the series in overtime.
- Time-outs: 1 per team per half; none in extra time
- Turnover time round: maximum 15 minute
The referee who officiated at number 1 and helped two people as a linesman. Then the referee assisted backup help in case of substitutions and announced additional time. At the 2006 World Cup, used all five officials. The use of two referees had tried in copa italia.Penggunaan 4 linesman reportedly also being tested in the 2010 World Cup, where 2 of them were at the back of the net.
6. Trial use of the golden goal and silver goal
See: Gol silver; Golden goal.In the late 1990s, the IFAB try to make the game more likely to end without requiring a penalty shootout, which is often regarded as a less precise way to end the match.
An example is the silver goal system that ended the game when a goal is scored in extra time of the first, and the golden goal that ended the game when a goal is scored in the second overtime.
Both of these systems have been discontinued by IFAB.
7. Major international championships
Large international championships in every continent are:
The international championship football World Cup is organized by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. The World Cup is held every four years. More than 190 national team to compete in regional qualifying tournament for a place in the finals. Tournament finals which lasted for four weeks now involves 32 national team (up from 24 in 1998).
- Europe: the European Cup or known as the Euro
- South America: Copa América
- Africa: African Nations Cup
- Asia: Asian Cup
- North America: CONCACAF Gold Cup
- Oceania: OFC Nations Cup
8. Mini World Cup (Confederation Cup)
The event rate is Europe's biggest clubs in the Champions League, while in South America is the Copa Libertadores. In Asia, the Asian Champions League is the biggest club-level tournament.
Football has been played in the Olympics since 1900 (except in the Olympics in 1932 in Los Angeles). Initially
this was only to amateur players, but since the 1984 Los Angeles
Olympics professional players also started to play, accompanied by
regulations that prevent countries rather than playing their strongest
team. At this time, the Olympic tournament for men is an under-23 tournament may be ditamnbahi three players above the age. As a result, this tournament has no international significance and
prestige of the same with the World Cup, or even the Euro, Copa America
or the African Cup.
In contrast, the Olympic tournament for women carry almost the same prestige as the FIFA Women's World Cup; The tournament is played by international teams is complete without age restrictions.